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Red Sea aerial view with crystal clear waters and vibrant coral reefs
MARINE ECOSYSTEM

Red Sea Marine Life

Egypt's underwater paradise: 1,200+ fish species, 220+ coral species, and 17% endemic marine life. Best diving visibility 40m+ in warm waters year-round.

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BIODIVERSITY

Marine Biodiversity Facts

The Red Sea contains 17% endemic species—the highest rate of any tropical sea. UNEP studies confirm it as one of Earth's most biodiverse marine ecosystems.

1,200+
Fish Species
IUCN verified
220+
Coral Species
Hard & soft corals
40m+
Visibility
Best Oct-Apr
26°C
Avg Water Temp
22-30°C range
COASTAL REGIONS

Best Red Sea Diving Spots

Top diving destinations along Egypt's Red Sea coast offer world-class underwater experiences, from beginner-friendly coral gardens to advanced drift diving sites.

Northern Red Sea coral reefs

Northern Red Sea

Calm waters with 30-40m visibility. Beginner-friendly diving conditions with water temperatures 24-28°C. Home to fringing reefs and diverse fish populations including parrotfish, angelfish, and butterflyfish.

Hurghada • El Gouna • Safaga
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Sinai Peninsula underwater landscape

Sinai Peninsula / Gulf of Aqaba

Ras Mohammed National Park (est. 1983) protects 480 km² of marine habitat. Features dramatic reef walls, shark encounters, and 40m+ visibility. Water temps 22-29°C.

Sharm El Sheikh • Dahab • Ras Mohammed
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Southern Red Sea marine life

Southern Red Sea

Pristine reefs with higher megafauna encounters. Spinner dolphins, dugongs, whale sharks (Apr-Jul), and hawksbill turtles. Wadi El Gemal National Park protects 7,450 km² of marine ecosystem.

Marsa Alam • Port Ghalib • Berenice
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ENDEMIC SPECIES

Unique Marine Life

The Red Sea hosts iconic species found nowhere else on Earth, including endangered marine life requiring urgent protection.

Dugong

Critically endangered sea cow, fewer than 200 individuals remain

IUCN Vulnerable

Whale Shark

World's largest fish, seasonal visitor Apr-Jul

IUCN Endangered

Hawksbill Turtle

Critical nesting sites along Egyptian coast

IUCN Critically Endangered

Napoleon Wrasse

Giant reef fish, up to 2m length

IUCN Endangered
CONSERVATION

Protected Marine Areas

Egypt has established multiple marine protected areas covering over 8,000 km² of Red Sea habitat, supporting Egypt Vision 2030 conservation goals.

Ras Mohammed National Park

Established: 1983

Area: 480 km²

Protection: Coral reefs, mangroves

Wadi El Gemal National Park

Established: 2003

Area: 7,450 km²

Protection: Dugong habitat, coral reefs

Nabq Protected Area

Established: 1992

Area: 600 km²

Protection: Mangrove forests, seagrass beds

Current Threats & Conservation Efforts

Climate change, coral bleaching events (2016, 2017), and overfishing pose ongoing challenges. Egypt's Ministry of Environment works with UNEP and WWF on protection initiatives.

What travelers can do: Choose reef-safe sunscreen, don't touch coral, follow dive guides, support eco-certified operators.

Red Sea Travel FAQ

Essential information for planning your Red Sea adventure

How many species live in the Red Sea?

1,200+ fish species, 220+ coral species, 17% endemic species rate (IUCN verified)

Best time for diving/snorkeling?

Oct-Apr: 20-28°C air, 30-45m visibility. Whale sharks: Apr-Jul (southern regions)

What makes Red Sea diving unique?

Highest endemic species rate (17%) of any tropical sea, 40m+ visibility, 22-30°C water year-round

Endangered species present?

Dugongs (fewer than 200), hawksbill turtles, whale sharks, Napoleon wrasse (all IUCN-listed)

Top diving destinations?

Ras Mohammed (advanced), Hurghada (beginners), Dahab Blue Hole (technical), Marsa Alam (pelagics)

Conservation efforts?

8,000+ km² protected areas: Ras Mohammed (1983), Wadi El Gemal (2003), Egypt Vision 2030 initiatives

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Explore Red Sea Destinations

Hurghada

Beginner-friendly diving, 30-40m visibility

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Sharm El Sheikh

Ras Mohammed National Park, reef walls

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Marsa Alam

Pristine reefs, dolphins, whale sharks

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RESPONSIBLE EXPLORATION

Experience the Red Sea

Discover this remarkable marine ecosystem through carefully curated experiences that prioritize conservation and education while showcasing the Red Sea's natural wonders.

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Sources & References

All facts and statistics are sourced from authoritative scientific and conservation organizations.

Marine Biodiversity Data:
  • • UNEP-WCMC (2021). "Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Marine Biodiversity Assessment"
  • • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2023). Marine species assessments
  • • Berumen, M.L. et al. (2013). "The status of coral reef ecology research in the Red Sea." Coral Reefs, 32(3), 737-748
Conservation & Protected Areas:
  • • Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA). "Protected Areas of Egypt" (2023)
  • • WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative. "Red Sea Conservation Status Report" (2022)
  • • Egypt Vision 2030: Sustainable Development Strategy
Endemic Species & Threats:
  • • Roberts, C.M. et al. (2002). "Marine biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities." Science, 295(5558), 1280-1284
  • • Khalil, M.T. et al. (2017). "Dugongs in Egyptian Red Sea waters." Aquatic Mammals, 43(1), 73-82
  • • PERSGA (2010). "Status of Coral Reefs in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden"
Climate & Oceanographic Data:
  • • Egyptian Meteorological Authority. "Red Sea Climate Data" (2023)
  • • Raitsos, D.E. et al. (2011). "Remote sensing the phytoplankton seasonal succession of the Red Sea." PLoS One, 6(2)

Disclaimer: All statistics and facts presented are based on the most recent available scientific literature and official reports. Marine biodiversity numbers may vary based on ongoing research and species discovery.